Weekly Stories: The real secret of Chinese internet censorship? Distraction

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/22/chinese-internet-censorship-uses-distraction

This article talks about the censorship that the Chinese would have and how this would make sure that their citizens know enough but not too much to the point that it would give them ideas. This would be their way of trying to avoid any riots as this would make sure that there is no disagreement with the Chinese as there would be less information that they would know to argue against since the majority of the citizens wouldn't know anything else besides the government approved information which may be biased.

In my opinion, although this can try and make sure that people aren't willing to try and create a protest, this style of censorship isn't giving the reader what would be considered acceptable. The citizens aren't gonna be able to see what is good or bad as they would be given what is considered good or bad.

Weekly Stories: Popular newspapers suffer greater circulation falls than qualities

https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2017/jan/19/popular-newspapers-suffer-greater-circulation-falls-than-qualities

This article talks about the ABC figures as not a surprise due to the downfall in sales since this has been a recurring trend in recent years ever since digital media was introduced. This was due to how digital media features a style of convergence.  

• Daily Star (which boasts every day of being 20p cheaper than the 50p Sun), was down by 2.5% to 440,471
•  Daily Express, for example, sold an average of 391,626 copies a day in December 2016, down by 2.3% on the same month the year before
•  Sun did much better: down by 10.5% to 1,611,464. And that total included some 95,000 bulks

In my opinion, I think that this would further expand upon how there is a decrease in the amount of print sales would suggest that the print industry is in a decline and these figures would promote it. However this has killed off journalism which would suggest how click-bait articles and fake news stories that favour what the readers political views are for them to read has made a negative impact on the news industry as a whole.

Weekly Stories: Moral panic over fake news hides the real enemy – the digital giants

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/08/blaming-fake-news-not-the-answer-democracy-crisis

This article discusses the idea to how "democracy is drowning" due to  the rise in fake news and internet feedback. This would then talk about how the audience would be more prone to the fake news and make opinions based on false statements and facts. 

In my opinion, I will agree with how fake news has shaped the opinions of those that end up reading it. But it would also present how democracy is flawed in digital media. This flaw can be considered quite bad as it would have a negative influence on to how their audience would make their arguments online. 

Weekly Stories: Facebook hires TV journalist Campbell Brown as media liaison after fake news fallout

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/06/facebook-hires-campbell-brown-media-partnerships

Campbell Brown has been hired to try and resolve the issue that Facebook has had to issue of fake news. She has had experience with the newsroom which she will be using to try and control the news relations area of the news department so that Facebook can then try and make sure that the issue with fake news can be resolved.

• Facebook sucked more than $1bn from the newspaper industry.
• News organisations increasingly rely on Facebook, which has 1.79 billion users, as a distribution channel.

In my opinion, I think that this is a great move for Facebook as they now have a TV vet to try and make sure that news is truthful which should hopefully be able to try and make sure that the audience isn't as decieved as they normally would be with click-bait articles.

Weekly Stories: Facebook to begin flagging fake news in response to mounting criticism

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/15/facebook-flag-fake-news-fact-check

Facebook has now decided to take action in regards to the fake news criticism that they have been receiving during the Presidential Elections. This has been done with external sources such as users and fact-checking organisations to ensure that Facebook would be more trustworthy with the news that they would distribute.

In my opinion, I think that this is good what Facebook is doing on his behalf. This would be because of how they are now handling the situation with fact checkers that should be able to improve transparency between the users and the social media platform. Therefore fewer people would share ot believe the fake news and this would also help with journalism as a whole since fake news can finally be taken seriously and click-bait articles can be resolved. 

Weekly Stories: Daily Mail group refuses to rule out sale of newspaper titles

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/dec/01/daily-mail-profits-print-mail-online-elite-daily-dmgt

Daily Mail refuses to reveal the sales that their newspapers have made. This might mean that it isn't as successful as previous years.

• Mail Online increased its revenues 19% year on year, to £93m, up on the 16% growth rate in 2015.
• About 200 jobs were cut at DMG Media over the year

In my opinion I think that since they are refusing to reveal their reveals, this might mean that their digital counterpart might be more successful which can further enforce how traditional media are slowly dying out since the Daily Mail aren't willing to present the sales.

Weekly Stories: Twitter suspends 235,000 accounts in six months for promoting terrorism

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/18/twitter-suspends-accounts-terrorism-links-isis

This story focuses on how Twitter is trying to combat terrorism with the wide amount of accounts that had resulted in over 200,000 accounts being banned.

• Daily suspensions were up 80% since the previous year

In my opinion i think that this is a good idea that they would try and ban these accounts since this would mean that they can further prevent attacks. In addition to this it can also try to decrease the amount of influence that terror related accounts would have since this would also mean that accounts would be stopped and the mesages that they would spread would be halted.

Weekly Stories: Obama is worried about fake news on social media – and we should be too

https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/20/barack-obama-facebook-fake-news-problem

Obama sees that fake news is everywhere and so has expressed his concerns in what should be done.

•  62% of US adults now turn to social media for some or all of their news
• Many of the pro-Trump fake news sites – over 100 of them – were being operated as for-profit click-farms by Macedonian teenagers.
• “Of all the content on Facebook, more than 99% of what people see is authentic. Only a very small amount is fake news and hoaxes" - Facebook’s CEO Mark Zuckerberg 

In my opinion i think that this is an issue that should be addressed. This is because many people may believe in what is being stated in the articles without doing much research. This would also lead to those that are unaware of whether the article is satirical or not leading to these articles being quoted upon. The spread of fake news has especially been easier with the freedom of the internet making these stories much more easier to create.

Weekly Stories: Why is Mail Online going after the fact checkers?

https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/dec/23/why-is-mail-online-going-after-fact-checkers-snopes

This story would look into the investigation that Mail Online has had on Snopes. This was on their front page revealing details about their financial misbehaviour as well as during this exposure special,it has also branded Snopes as a bad if not fake fact checker with the speech marks on words such as "fact checker" and "facts" suggesting that they don't trust that what they do is considered fact checking.

In my opinion I think that this is an attempt from Mail Online to try and look good with the Public. This would be because this may be a PR stunt to try and make Snopes look bad as they probably might have revealed something that is considered fake which might explain why Mail Inline decided to fire back.

Weekly Stories: UK media chiefs called in by minister for talks on fake news

https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jan/13/uk-media-chiefs-called-in-by-minister-for-talks-on-fake-news

Ministers have gathered some media bosses to discuss the media inaccuracy that is present in the news. This would be considered quite important because this would be because this should be able to crack down on this fiasco regarding fake news and so therefore this would mean that they might be able to construct a solution that should be able to make sure that the news is considered quite poisoned with fake news on the rise.

In my opinion, I think that this would be quite beneficial for the audience since this may mean that the audience would be able to try and make sure that fake news doesn't spread again. This would mean that there is more transparency between audience and news distributor.

Weekly Stories: Snapchat to set up main international hub in UK

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/10/snapchat-snap-inc-international-hub-uk

Snapchat has decided to set up a main International hub in the UK despite the fears that other businesses have had in regards to Brexit. 

• Where more than 10 million daily Snapchatters are (in regards to UK)
•  More than 60% of British smartphone users aged between 13 and 34 are Snapchatters.
• eMarketer estimates the company could pull in almost $1bn advertising revenue over 2017

In my opinion, I think that this would be quite a risky move on Snapchat's behalf. This would be because of the fact that Brexit is an uncertain decision that has been frowned upon. This would be because of the lack of knowing what this would do and so therefore this may be risky. Although this may mean that Snapchat can be considered more trust worthy and less controversial than Google or Facebook as they would try and avoid tax.

Weekly Stories: Film and TV ​streaming and downloads overtake DVD sales for first time

https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jan/05/film-and-tv-streaming-and-downloads-overtake-dvd-sales-for-first-time-netflix-amazon-uk

This article looks into how digital has beaten physical in terms of sales all round. Ths would go at Films, TV Shows (With originals being exclusive to the service), Music and Video Games

• Total revenues from digital video – which includes services such as Apple’s iTunes as well as Sky’s store and Now TV – surged almost 23% to £1.3bn last year
• subscription revenues increasing by 65% to £418m, driven by services such as Spotify, Apple Music, Amazon Music and Deezer.

In my opinion i think that this change would be highly expected from film and music because of the Digital first style of distribution. This would then therefore decrease the sales of physical copies since it would mean that the owner of the physical copy may not be willing to spend more on the physical disc. I think that this may mean that physical copies would be more scarce as time goes on. As for Video Games, due to their immediacy with players wanting to get their hands on plying the game, it would be less likely to occur since there are exclusive collectable items that act as an incentive for an audience to pay more for the game so it may not be dying as much as digital. However the other advantage would be that the game tends to run quicker with a physical disc. And so because of this video games are less likely to move from physical copies. 

Weekly Stories: #DeleteUber: how social media turned on Uber

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/30/deleteuber-how-social-media-turned-on-uber

This story focuses on the negative controversy that Uber has faced after not offering a strike on the JFK Airport Muslim Ban.

In my opinion I think that it would be bad for Uber to not allow for a strike when many other businesses are also doing so. This would be because people may see this as a lack of freedom of speech. This would then mean that people have understandably decided to delete their App in an act of rebellion against their decision to not strike. 

Weekly Stories: Snapchat cracks down on risque images and fake news

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jan/24/snapchat-cracks-down-on-soft-porn-and-fake-news 

This story talks about how Snapchat has gone int consideration for waht would be in their Discover section of the app as this section has reportedly included sexualised photos of women that has put concerns on users. This would especially be because of the fact that the app allows those that are aged under 18 with the youngest age of 13 being a main concern i terms of exposure to this content. This would be because of the lack restriction in the Discover section.

in my opinion, i think that this would be quite harmful for Snapchat since this controversy would highlight the dangers of having young viewers concerned. If a restricted filter was implemented into Snapchat, then this would mean that the younger audience that would use Snapchat won't have any negative impact upon use. 

Weekly Stories: Snapchat shares soar 44% to value loss-making company at $28bn

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/02/snapchat-ipo-valuation-evan-spiegel-bobby-murphy-snap-inc

This story would talk about the financial success that Snapchat would have in 2016 that would have at 2017 making it grow bigger and so therefore mean that it is becoming more successful than compwetitors such as Facebook which would own multiple digital platforms.

• Stocks soaring 44% on their first day of trading and valuing the company at $28bn
• Market value of $28.3bn, on a par with CBS and Target. 
• Snap’s revenues last year were just a fraction of Facebook’s $27.6bn

In my opinion I think that this sort of story isn't really a surprise since digital platforms have been at a rise. This would be because of the fact that it would feature a variety of options and clues for the business to offer. In addition to this idea of constant success from Snapchat, it can also demonstrate how the business would also be willing to make sure that the business would be prepared in making small but innovative updates that would mean that they are keeping their app with changes that doesn't bore the consumer.

Weekly Stories: BuzzFeed publishes unsubstantiated Trump report, raising ethics questions

https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jan/10/buzzfeed-publishes-donald-trump-russia-documents-ethics-questions

Buzzfeed have been called out by the POTUS as distributing fake news since they had reported a story which had talked about the Russians and their co-operation in the US Presidential Elections. This would highlight the potential areas in which Buzzfeed have been considered fake news after being reviewed by the president.

In my opinion, i think that this story, although tries to see why we have President Trump, has shown what would be considered as a great conspiracy on one end to what would be considered truth to the other as this would be dependent on the political stand point of the reader. This would be because if they prefer right wing politics, then this would mean that they would believe what President Trump says. However if the reader is a left winger, then this would mean that they would most probably believe in what BuzzFeed had said.

Weekly Stories: The Financial Times passes another major digital milestone

Source: https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2016/dec/01/the-financial-times-passes-another-major-digital-milestone

The financial times have reported that their digital revenue has overtaken their print revenues. As well as addressing the fake news fiasco by stating that they would take the news seriously.

• Its total paid circulation, combining print and digital, stands at 843,000, up 75,000 (about 13%) year on year. 

In my opinion I think that it is great that digital revenues have over taken physical newspapers. This would mean that they might focus mainly on their digital copies. Especially considering that the company currently is also under a paywall. I think that the reason behind why the Financial Times would be successful in terms of their digital revenues would be because of their tone to fake news. This would be because of their tone towards fake news. And since they would have stories that are real, this would mean that people are willing to pay for their news as long as it is real and not false reporting.

Weekly Stories: Putin brings China's Great Firewall to Russia in cybersecurity pact

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/29/putin-china-internet-great-firewall-russia-cybersecurity-pact 

Russia wants to implement some features from The great Firewall into their Red Web. This would be so that their regulated internet so that they can further regulate what they would want. They have already had a chance to speak with Huaweii which is a telecom that operates in China. So therefore this would mean that Russia might try and make sure that their internet is considered safe from their government's point of view.

In my opinion i think that this is wrong as this would restrict an audience from being exposed to all possible views on a story. This would be because of the Red Web possibly restricting some views that isn't considered safe. This would be because of the fact that the government may see something as unsafe and so would therefore remove it. This shouldn't really be good but this may be because of the freedom that the west may have in comparison to eastern countries and their regulations on certain topics. 

Weekly Stories: Journalists win 'ending violence against women' awards

This story had highlighted awards that would be awarded in the midst of the International Day for the IVAW. This would present journalism with mainly being shown to award females that have been considered to have caused a change or interesting story that would highlight what would either combat sexism and the stories.

• almost 65% of women media workers have experienced intimidation, threats or abuse in relation to their work.

In my opinion, I think that the idea of this award ceremony would be considered ideal as this can highlight and present what would be considered as something that can highlight issues which could cause change. And this wouldn't have occurred if it weren't for online that would also mean that there is an increased chance of equality.

Weekly Stories: The nun harnessing Twitter to spread her message to the masses

This story presents how a nun would use Twitter to try and spread a peaceful message. This would talk about how it would be easier to do with the freedom of Social Media. Although it has its flaws with the freedom of speech pushing its boundaries it does still mean that there is a chance for peaceful thoughts to be spread online.

In my opinion I think that this is a good idea for the nun to utilise Twitter to try and update her followers as well as use it to share stories as this would mean that everyone can access it and can look into the views that Catholics may have. Although it may be considered quite risky as there may be some internet trolls that would try and cyber-bully the profile that may harm the purpose of the platform. But since twitter can block specific words to be tweeted at, it can restrict foul language.

MEST3 Identity/NDM Index

1) Reading the riots
2) Post-colonialism: theories and Destiny Ekaragwa film analysis
3) Post-colonialism: Orientalism theory and Yasmin clip task
4) Post-colonialism: Media Magazine articles and questions
5) Feminism: post-feminism and No More Page 3 research
6) Feminism: Feminist theory and Beyonce video analysis
7) Feminism: waves of feminism and online activism
8) Feminism: Applying feminism - Media Factsheet
9) Identity and Film - Media Factsheet
10) Identity and the wider media - Factsheet
11) Collective identity and the media

Identity and the wider media Factsheet

1) The Fact Sheets talks about identity with three statements with one that determines which one would relate to them. This would either be "who we think we are" which is based on interests and ideals that would shape who the user thins they are. "Who we want to be" would relate to the fact that people may use their social media to try and create a certain representation of themselves that they want viewed to the public to give a certain perspective on them. And finally "who we think other think we are". This would come from the perspectives element and it is something that people may want to manipulate with people trying to make sure that they see a certain version of them. 

2) Non-Mainstream - Doesn't typically use big brands or websites such as YouTube and may use alternates such as Vimeo.

Edgy - They may probably prefer to watch films with dark tones and stories. These tend to be rated R since these films would include the contents that will appeal to them.

Pleasure Seeker - This category will probably relate to someone that would probably watch a "feel good film" like Eddie the Eagle.

Fashionable - Would want to stay up to date in terms of trends.

Witty and Fun - This group would watch comedies due to the films that don't have a serious story.

Cutting Edge - Have an interest in new technologies and so would probably subscribe to a technology based newsletter or magazine.

3) An example that was listed in the fact sheet was The Jeremy Kyle Show and how it would demonise children with most if not some of the people in the show with children that appear to be very rebellious against their parents. So therefore those that would watch this show would have opinions on the youth in a negative perspective.

4) Hebdige argues that the youth have used this representation from the media as a form of identity. This would be seen as a way to go against current mainstreams and the negative views that they have towards the mainstream media. This would be because this construction of a bad image was formed from those that aren't of the youth.

5) David Gaunlett has also been mentioned. This theorist has stated that the media wold have control of the identity. They would use this to try and sell their products so therefore they could make anything the ideal picture or model so therefore those that are represented in the advert are seeing what is considered acceptable.

6) This can relate to the Ill Manors case study because of the theme of how the youth are represented. This would be because of the fact that that Ill Manors includes stories that relate to peer pressure and one of the characters being a young black teenager. This would still stereotype the idea that black people are associated to crime. This would then relate to Hebdige and how the media would construct stereotypes.

7) Gaunlett has talked about how the media would construct these stereotypes to reinforce the views of the mainstream media so those that are of an older audience may believe these representations and not see them as an exaggeration.

8) In my opinion I agree with what Hedbige has to say in terms of how the mainstream media have made negative representations of the youth. This is because of instances like the riots of 2011 where all those that had caused chaos then had worn urban clothing like hoodies and trainers which are mainly associated with the youth so then the media had used this to try and demonise the youth. In my opinion I think this is wrong because it shows a false representation of the youth which will drive an older audience into thinking this is real with reinforced ideas of the youth being branded as criminals or young people that don't understand how to be civilised.  

Collective identity

1) Who are you? - This section briefly introduces what the article would be about as it would look into how people would represent themselves.

I think, therefore I am - This looks into how in the past, people were socially constructed by certain aspects such as family, religion, class, gender. This also looks into how people were predetermined based on how they would be portrayed in the media as this would reflect themselves.

From citizen to consumer - This section discusses how adverts are used to try make their desires sold. This would then mean that they would be influenced to purchase the product considering that these adverts try and make the audience seem like their desires are being met. This would also look into fitting in and how these products would help with fulfilling that lifestyle. 

The rise of the individual - This part of the article discusses about the individual and how Lacan has talked about the "fragmented individual" in the sense that people represent themselves differently according to the environment. 

Branding and lifestyle - The product is a reflection of your personality 

Who will you be - Corporations creating products for the consumer to construct their identity

2) Sony - Entertainment that the products that they use are some of the things that i would reflect the type of identity that I would be with watching various dramas and using their products.

Nike - Their urban style of clothing is something that i would associate with considering that I would be considered a young teenager in the eyes of the public and their clothing would reflect that lifestyle.

Hasbro - This brand would associate withe the nostalgic element of my identity since they would include producing products like toys for the brands like the Transformers Franchise. As well as that it has also linked with my identity as it would also highlight my interests in the comic book movies.

Apple - This sense of creativity that they have placed upon themselves with the silhouettes being an element of these products being what they have created.

Microsoft - This will link to my identity since this will link to my interests in technology and their style of work since I would be a student. 

3) This statement of "Style over Substance" has been present in a majority of social media platform since they would mainly focus on their appearance online. It is something that I would disagree with since it would give a false image of who the person is and therefore means that they would need to keep this personality consistent as they would also be willing to make sure that their image is better than what they currently are which may mean that people will have a false impression of who you are.

4) Media saturation is the overload of many media texts and platforms all operating in the media market. Things like e-mail, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram all add to this highly saturated media platform where there are simply way too many into this one e-media platform; the internet.

5) My online profile isn't entirely a true reflection as it doesn't display all aspects of my life. Since I'm choosing what to display on my social media, then this would mean that an audience will view a version of me that i have crated. This would be because when it comes to social media, people don't really share everything in their lives and so the dark and hidden things that only those close to me would known would mean that they would also have a better understanding who I am compared to who i'm presenting myself to be.

6) While this is considered as invasion of privacy as the user doesn't know what information is being used to understand preferences, this would be considered a benefit. This is because the information will be used to try and make sure that the user is being recommended items that are most relevant to them. 

However it can also be argued that this is a bad thing and this is the side that i would pick. This is because it uses the history of what the customer would've probably searched for before to try and make some informed decisions on what to promote. This would be considered invasion and so examples of how this would go wrong is when they would use the search history as a way for the customers to try and recommend what they think is suitable. 

Feminism: Feminist theory and Beyonce video analysis

 

1) How might this video contribute to Butler’s idea that gender roles are a ‘performance’?

Butler's idea of gender roles as a performance can be seen as a "performance" because of how the music video has made a socially constructed version of Beyonce. This would be because of the fact that this music video is based on the past in a misogynistic era which would then mean that the "performance" element would be slightly exaggerated. 

2) Would McRobbie view Beyonce as an empowering role model for women? Why?

McRobbie probably would view Beyonce as an empowering role model because of her previous work which had referenced to empowering women. This would be because of tracks such as "Single Ladies" and "Who run the World" which can still justify how she would empower women.

 3) What are your OWN views on this debate – does Beyonce empower women or reinforce the traditional ‘male gaze’ (Mulvey)?

It can be argued that this would enforce the "male gaze" of how Beyonce has sexualised herself for the music video as her actions make her look more pleasuring for the male audience. As well as that there will also be the revealing clothing that has also made it it question whether she is wearing it to pleasure a male audience or to empower women. I think that it supports both sides of the argument so that then both sides can see some pleasure so that therefore both audiences get pleasure from the video.  

Identities and Film: blog task

1) I am a student
I am a fan of comic book movies
I am a boy
I am a son
I am a brother
I am a gamer
I am an online user
I am an entertainment consumer
I am a Muslim
I am an imperfect person
I am a learner
I am a friend
I am someone that eats out
I am someone that is disorganised
I am not happy with the current POTUS
I am not someone who doesn't regularly keep up to date with the news
I have opinions that people can or can't disagree with
I don't regularly post online
I am not a very interesting person
I am punctual

2) Social Groups:
I am a student
I am a boy
I am a son
I am a brother
I am a gamer
I am a friend
I am a learner
I am someone that eats out
I am an entertainment consumer


Ideological Beliefs:
I am a Muslim
I am not happy with the current POTUS
I have opinions that people can or can't disagree with 


Self Evaluations:
I am an imperfect person
I am someone that is disorganised
I don't regularly post online
I am not a very interesting person
I don't regularly post online
I am punctual

3) The film that was chosen as my favourite has been Iron Man. This would resonate with some of my beliefs since although they antagonise my country of origin with the enemy team of the Ten Rings, they still show some action and story that a comic book fan will definitely enjoy. Especially considering that it had introduced the beginning of films that connect together.                                                                                                                         

Post-colonialism - bonus reading and tasks

Social Media and Black Identity
1) Aisha Harris - Social Media play a negative role for the black community as it would play a negative role in the construction of black identities. They may become decontextualised to the point where they would become an internet meme as people may make a parody of the current theme. The example that was listed was "Sweet Brown". Her ending line was parodied and had soon become a meme for many to create content to make fun of. 

Giddens - Social media can be an arena for the construction of positive black representations. This would be reinforced with the idea of the "Blackout". This would mainly involve black people posting pictures with positive tags that would promote positiveness in the black community

Alan Martin's Echo Chamber effect - The Blackout maybe reinforcing the ideology of the black community. However in a wider context, those who would see the Blackout as a terrible idea tend to use racial slurs presenting how there is till that White Dominance aspect still present in the present but it isn't as acceptable as it was in the past.  

Henry Jenkins - Social media is an arena that would allow "participatory cultures" to be welcomed. Examples of this would be BlackTwitter. This was a movement that had challenged negative stereotypes of black people in the mass media and society and combats this with positive views. Movements that have spawned from this is #BlackLivesMatter. This was a movement that had highlighted the police brutality that was present with a majority of the victims of police brutality is black people. 

2) Social media can be seen as both positive and negative forces. For the positive this article highlights that campaigns that take place online which present a positive side of the black community. However there is the negative side of things which include the "memes" on the internet which tend to include some racist comments regarding the black community which would therefore mock the black community. As a result this would present the negative side of the black community and show that social media can be a negative force against them.

3) The issue of black identity in the media would be applied with Alverado in the sense that there would be the sense of dangerous that is a prejudice that those against the campaigns would hold against them. This sense of danger backed with Fanon's "Putting on the white mask" would show that there would be that sense of hegemony that is till in their mentality which may explain the crude comments that people think it is acceptable to discriminate against the black community. However "putting on the white mask" would also hold its benefits in the sense that this would be the only way for them to be accepted into society.

A Hustle for Life: Refugees in the Media

1) There appears to be a negative view on the refugees that are migrating to the UK with the Breaking Point advert during the EU Referendum. This negative promotion that would also look into the different area into how there would be the different areas in which this would be done. This could also have the views for their target audience that suggest that these negative views would cater to the audiences political standpoint during the EU Referendum.

2)  It can be considered that the documentaries are biased to a certain extent. This would be because although it would follow the life of a refugee, this might cater more towards their perspective more than the view of those that would be voting. This would therefore highlight the negative lifestyle and therefore suit Alverado's pitied aspect in the sense that this would present the lifestyle of someone in a refugee camp.

3) Alverado- the factor of 'pitied' is very much linked to the refugees as we, the helpers, are there to feel sympathy for those who aren't in the same place as us, and to do something about it. This would be because it highlights the aspect of what has been lost and how they can't really do anything drastic.


Fanon- the factor of 'essentialize' is something that really taps in to this idea of the outside world (predominately the west) of having the view of the east being 'the same' and always in need. They can't tell the difference between those in need and those that are not. Places such as Dubai, and Afghanistan may seem to be the same in the eyes of the western world

Identities: applying feminism

1) The first type of feminism is radical feminism. This variation involves seeing men as exploiters and they would use men upon their benefit. Liberal Feminism are more along the lines of having to make sure that gender roles aren't biological and therefore they can get whatever career they desire without a gender bias. 
Liberal Feminism This type of feminism is mainly concerned with gender socialisation in order to show that gender roles are not biologically
determined. The main aim of this type of feminism is to change the ways children are socialised into stereotypical gender
roles and to attempt to change social policy to improve the position of women within the family. 
Marxist-Feminism This feminist approach looks at women’s oppression in relation to capitalism and the class system. One of the aims of
this type of feminism is to look at the role of domestic labour within capitalism, namely that women work in the home for
‘free’, and the role women play in producing the next generation of the labour force.
Black Feminism This approach is primarily concerned with black and Asian women’s experiences of oppression and exploitation. It
combines ideas about capitalism, patriarchy and anti-racism. 
Postmodern Feminism -This type of feminism is associated with third wave feminists. It acknowledges the diversity amongst women and encourages individual women to find feminist ideas that combine with their own experiences of life to create a brand of
feminism suitable for them.

2) Judith Butler had argued that gender isn't biological so therefore she is most likely a Liberal Feminism since they would argue that they are concerned with gender socialisation as Butler believes people should become what they choose to be even if it is a male dominated career. Angela McRobbie would be more of a Post Modern Feminist because she sees that the representation of women as sexually empowering. Although this may be considered a controversial view. I would also see Laura Bates as a Post Modern Feminist since she would also try and make women spread their stories so that then it could highlight what is currently wrong with today's modern day of social media with misogynous posts.

3) Suffragettes- A more violent approach to protesting such as arson
Suffragists- Peaceful way of protesting, such as hunger strikes and votes etc

In my opinion I think that the Suffragettes are a more effective force of change. Although the suffragists are peaceful and this can be respected, it isn't an effective means of spreading the message or to bring light to the situation that feminists have to endure such as back when they had to protest for their right to vote.

4) Mulvey's Male Gaze has been proven with various films objectifying women. This would be because of the fact that the camera takes the perspective of men as they frame women in a more sexual way. This has been evident with Hollywood films which include female characters as well as adverts which may also do this to try and interest their male demograph to stay interested.

5) Kilbourne's view would be that advertising would mainly present the perfect ideal image that women should strive for. Especially considering that advertising is something that would be consumed on a daily basis, there is bound to be one that idealises a woman's figure that would be considered "normal"

6) Naomi Wolf's theory looks into how men are given the opportunity to construct what the ideal woman would look like in their advertising. So therefore this would mean that the appearance of the women seen in the adverts are only social constructs of what would be considered acceptable or presentable for an audience. 

7) The representation of women is considered a controversial topic for feminists because this would show off women as either sexually objectified or empowering. There has been discussion as to whether this would be acceptable and therefore there has been a blurred line between what is considered empowering or not as the way in which music videos that have male music artists tend to be known as patriarchal with their objectification of women. However when women appear to behave in whats considered a sexual manner would be defended as empowerment.

8) In my opinion I think that the way in which artists such as Nicki Minaj and Beyonce consider themselves as empowering women is more like trying to pleasure both sides of the argument. The costumes that they would wear in their music videos wouldn't really be considered appropriate and therefore may put in a sort of unintentional bad influence for younger female audience that may think that it is acceptable to wear what they would wear in their music videos.

9) It can be argued on both sides that New and Digital Media has empowered both sides. This would be because of the fact that with social media being very easy to access, this would then make it easy for both sides to make either feminist or patriarchal views so therefore this binary opposition still continues to this day. However it can be argued that this benefits women and feminism a lot more since they would be able to start online campaigns that can help highlight the issue of sexism and therefore make gender equality more like a reality. 

Identities and the Media: Feminism

1) The texts that are featured in the article are Pan Am and Beyonce.

2) The Mulvey Gaze would be used in Beyonce with her parodying the 1950s era in the sense that she would wear these sexualized outfits. Although this can relate to the male gaze with her appearance in the music video, this still presents how there has still been that aspect of the music video that some people may criticise. 

3) It can be argued that this is sexism in a different form however the fact that these media texts offer alternate time periods that offer the same male gaze at the time would also mean that there would be no need for feminists since these media texts have women protagonists. In this case they both highlight the preferred reading of their characters on their respected platforms and so therefore this is rather highlighting the flaws of the past and how women tend to be seen as unequal. Even with the lyrics of "Why Don't You Love Me?" with Beyonce exclaiming why her man doesn't love her.

4) Third Wave Feminism - Was a movement that redefined and encouraged women to be dominant and sexually assertive.

Post-Feminism - An ideology in culture and society that society is somehow past needing feminism and that the attitudes and arguments of feminism are no longer needed. 

Paitriarchy - An ideology that places men in a dominant position over women. 

No More Page 3

1) Lucy-Anne Holmes had started the campign. This was because "The Page 3 image was the largest image of a woman in the paper, larger than the image of Jessica Ennis who had just won gold for her country".

2) Page 3 had included a sexualised picture of a woman that had been a 70 year tradition that had been using inappropriate images of women that would be used as a selling point to the male audience of the newspaper. Therefore the biggest picture in the newspaper shouldn't involve inappropriate images of women. As well as that, they see the nudity of women in page 3 to be promoting sexist values and so therefore this page should be removed of the original contents and instead be replaced with something more appropriate. 

3) Susie Boniface has argued that there is no need for the campaign against Page 3 because it is "outdated". This would be because in  the past, this was seen as women empowerment. However later in time the meaning for women to show their bare breasts has later been changed to an offensive representation with people seeing this as objectifying women instead. 

Barbara Ellen on the other hand thinks this is still required because of the fact that this would also be used to combat other places in which women are sexually objectified. 

4) The recent story covered by Sexist News regarded the clothing that Little Mix were wearing. They had seen this as quite revealing in comparison to what clothes people like Ed Sheeran would wear appropriate clothing meanwhile women in the music industry are seen to be wearing some revealing clothing. 

5) The No More Page 3 and the Sexist News can be considered as a part of post-feminism since this campaign is already highlighting what is wrong with the media and its misogynistic views every now and then which would highlight how it has come to a point where women for the most part are getting equal pay and getting into executive jobs which could imply that these campaigns won't be as required as they were in the past.

6) In my opinion, I think that women are still being objectified as they would be sen as wearing revealing clothing, however wearing revealing clothing has blurred the lines of feminism as either the woman is proud to show her body or that the media is still objectifying women. This grey area exists and therefore there should be campaigns that recognise this and try and make sure that women are in  fact treated equally once and for all. 

7) Post-Feminism is an era that we still haven't come to yet because of the fact that there are still campaigns and representations of women that are still being challenged to this day. One of the most recent biggest feminist movements would have to be the Women's March upon President Trump's inauguration. That has highlighted how feminism is still required to try and make sure that women are treated equally because they are trying to fight for women's rights.